Exhibit Honors “These Brave People”
by VJ Vitkowsky | April 23, 2007 1:24 PM | Permalink | Comments (5)
In 1933, a handful of Italian-American immigrants from New York came to New Haven and put a halt to New Haven’s fastest growing industry: the sweatshops that had fled from New York’s unionized workforce.
The call to walk out came on April 18 from the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU) headquarters in New York. By April 24, every plant in Connecticut was on strike. Six weeks later every textile and garment factory in New Haven and many in other cities had a recognized union, represented by ILGWU Local 151 and Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU) Local 125, according to the history written by Frank Annunziato, former president of the Greater New Haven Labor History Association.
The history of these unions is on display at the Ethnic Heritage Center at Southern Connecticut State University through May 4 in “Garment Workers of New Haven: An Elm City Story.” Through photographs, posters, and physical artifacts, the exhibit traces the journey from 60- hour work weeks to pensions and health care packages that many of the city’s Italian immigrants made in the 20th century; and the transitions their unions made from growing as industry expanded through the region to their ultimate death at the hands of multinational outsourcing.
By the 1920s, it was cheaper to haul the materials assembled by unskilled immigrant teenagers in New England and New Jersey back to New York than it was to pay unionized New Yorkers, according to SCSU labor history professor Troy Rondinone.
“The garment industry came here because New Haven workers were cheaper than New York workers,” Rondinone said. “It’s interesting, maybe even ironic, that they came to New Haven for the same reason they left, which is really part of a broader trend that goes beyond Connecticut — the flight of capital for lower wages.”
In an undated picture the curator speculated was from the 1970s based on the shirt-collars of the demonstrators, Local 125 picketed the Macy’s on Church Street, urging shoppers not to buy Van Huessen look-alikes made in Hong Kong.
Joan Cavanaugh, the GNHLHA archivist who assembled the display, said she hopes visitors come away from the exhibit with a sense that protections and rights for workers are the product of a struggle that was taken up by young people in New Haven.
“I think it’s important to make one thing clear: it’s not that we’re mourning the loss of a manufacturing economy in New Haven,” Cavanaugh said. “We’re celebrating these brave people who went to work every day and who formed these unions — at great risk to themselves, to establish the values in our city that employers, particularly those coming in from out of town, should have a long-term obligation to provide a decent wage scale, a decent health care package, and pensions to all of their employees.”
Photographs from the athletics leagues the unions sponsored are also on display, like in this picture dated 1937 of the ILGWU women’s basketball team, which practiced on Thursdays after work at Columbus school.
“It was pretty common for unions to sponsor all sorts of recreational activities, which helped the mostly young immigrant workers adjust to life in America,” Rondinone said. “So it was typical to see unions sponsoring things like bowling leagues, basketball teams and lectures.”
Locals 151 and 125 both had teams that competed with other shops from Derby, Wallingford and Bridgeport. The unions also organized bowling leagues, maintained a lending library, and invited socialist speakers to lecture on current world affairs.
One broadside in the exhibit advertised a “Monster Mass Meeting” at the fraternal hall at 19 Elm St., which is now Harold’s Formal Wear. At the top of the bill was Giuseppe Emanuele Modigliani, a socialist who was kicked out of Italy’s parliament after the 1922 fascist takeover. Italian-American anarchist Arturo Giovanniti also spoke that night. Giovanniti became a national hero to garment workers after he was arrested during the 1912 “Bread and Roses” strike at Lawrence, Mass., and put on trial for a murder that was committed by strike-breakers.
Although the last garment and textile factories closed in 1989, Cavanaugh said the legacy of the unions remains relevant.
“This is a struggle we continue to see today with places like Wal-Mart, and [New England Linen], who are trying to erode these rights. And it’s the inheritance of these rights, the fact that every generation has to struggle for these rights because otherwise someone is going to try to take them away. That is what we are trying to pass on.”
The exhibit took over 17 years to compile, according to Debbie Elkin, who conducted interviews with former textile workers in the early ’90s. There are photographs from the GNHLHA collection, broadside posters on loan from the UMASS W.E.B. DuBois Archive, and memorabilia from the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union (ACTWU) and the New Haven Jewish Historical Society.
“Garment Workers of New Haven: An Elm City Story” is on display at the Ethnic Heritage Center until May 4, and will be on display for the month of June in the lobby of City Hall.
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Comments
Posted by: charlie | April 23, 2007 1:31 PM
So do you think all your clothes are made abroad now? Think again. Although most people don't realize it, New York City still has hundreds of thousands of people working in illegal or semi-legal sweatshops in horrible conditions. The fact that people don't acknowledge the labor exploitation, especially people in New York where it is happening right down the street from where they live, is evidence that as a society we just don't care.
Posted by: cedarhillresident
| April 23, 2007 6:48 PM
charlie,
I don't agree with alot of what you say but "evidence that as a society we just don't care." is a very true statement. When I look at these photos and remember the stories I was told about Unions growing up, it was about communitys of people standing up for eachother. Some you may not of agreed with but you stood with them for the greater good of all. I myself have stood with people for things that may have hurt me but I knew that they would benifit so many more. These people gave up so much to fight for the rights of all.
This Exhibit not only shows the union and there fight but what people use to do for each other. It show that if for one crumby moment if people would stop worrying about themselfs and stand together we can change the world!!
Posted by: charlie | April 24, 2007 1:03 PM
Unions are great sometimes, CedarHill, but most of the time they just care about themselves. Do the Unions care that hundreds of thousands of people are working in illegal sweatshops in New York City? Nope. Last time I checked, most of the unions at Yale, for example, only cared that their retirement plan contribution matches went up to 15% instead of Yale's offer of 14%, their salaries rose by 10% instead of Yale's proposed 9.5%, and their vacation time went to 5 weeks instead of 4.5 weeks -- when most of the country gets 0% retirement plan match, gets a 1% salary raise, gets 2 weeks vacation if they are very lucky and then has to pay for more health care on top of all that. That's a huge discrepancy. The next time I see unions calling for higher taxes on themselves so that the money they are getting from whatever big company can go more to people who need it - not to Union members who just want a larger house in the suburbs - I will stand with them. As it is now, the Unions mostly only look out for themselves and are just helping to perpetuate the gap between the rich and poor.
Posted by: cedarhillresident
| April 24, 2007 7:55 PM
charlie OMG again I do argree. The union in todays times are not what they use to be. I think that when unions started it was all about the people, the people who deserved better I think most people when they hear the word union they think of what unions did in yester-year. Now a days the union is a money making buisness.
But with that said there are still alot of things unions do for people. It is nice to know when you are in a bad place at your job you have someone to back you up. Someone that will fight the fight with you.
But on the other hand do unions go out of there way to fight for people like the ones you talked about in New York. No and that is where the unions have changed. I am not to up on my union laws but I do know that there are federal ones they have to follow. And unless a company has so many people in it they can not go in and get the people of those companys into the union.
Posted by: Mark
| April 25, 2007 7:43 PM
I am a Yale employee and a Union member(Local 34), having disclosed that, I'd like to explain a few things. First, many people are aware that sweatshops still exist in New York(and elsewhere) and are actively working to help those workers organize and share in the American Dream. In fact the International Union we belong to, UNITE HERE! is the descendant of the ILGWU and ACTWU, we've merged, evolved and grown, but do not forget where we came from.We are University employees here in New Haven, but nationaly we are garment workers, hotel,food service,laundry and casino workers.
Second, all of the facts you state with regard to our current Contract are wrong.Even if the point you are trying to make is that we have taken a selfish and insular view rather than working to help others in the community, you are mistaken. We negotiated a huge geographic expansion in Yales much vaunted Home Buyers program, in no small part to stabilize ALL the neighborhoods in New Haven through home ownership, and not merely those immediately surrounding the University. Additionaly, our contract contains language designed to increase community access to jobs at Yale and training to help people be successful in those jobs. We continue to actively support the right of YNHH workers to organize, workers at New England Linen(here in New Haven),GESO and anyone else .
Unfortunately, we tend to romanticize the past and ignore the present. For thousands of people in greater New Haven, we see ourselves as Union members carrying on a proud tradition, certainly in organizing, but also in educating.
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